Mostly all Gravel with the exception of the crossover at Lake Cowichan from the South side to the North side and the crossover back on Mayo rd. from the North side to the South side. A very easy going rail trail, usually well maintained, the south side up from Glenora is a little more scenic (albeit a little rougher surface) as well as where all the trestles are located. The North side probably sees more traffic from my experience and is quite a nice ride as well and easy going. Both sides have seen some sink holes over the years which can result in temporary closures or ride arounds.